What is African Music Called? A Deep Dive into the Sounds of the Continent

African music is as diverse and rich as the continent itself, with various traditional, folk, and modern genres defining the vibrant cultural landscape. However, It is impossible to attribute just one name to African music, as each region and ethnic group has developed unique musical styles over centuries. From the drum-heavy beats of West Africa to the melodic harmonies of South Africa, African music has influenced global genres like jazz, reggae, hip-hop, and pop.

Traditional African Music: The Root of All Sounds

Undoubtedly, traditional African music is deeply intertwined with the continent’s history, rituals, and storytelling. Many of these musical styles are also named after the instruments used, the communities they originate from, or the purpose they serve. Some of the most prominent traditional music styles across Africa include:

1. Griot Music (West Africa)

Griot music, performed by traveling storytellers known as griots, is prevalent in countries like Senegal, Mali, and Guinea. It however involves storytelling through song and is often accompanied by instruments like the kora (a 21-stringed harp) and the balafon (a wooden xylophone). Griots serve as historians, preserving oral traditions that have been passed down for generations.

2. Mbube (South Africa)

Mbube, meaning “lion” in Zulu, is a choral singing style originating from South Africa. The genre was made famous by Solomon Linda’s song “Mbube,” which later influenced “The Lion Sleeps Tonight.” This style therefore emphasizes powerful vocal harmonies and has been a key element in South African musical heritage.

3. Gnawa Music (North Africa)

Originating in Morocco, Gnawa music blends African, Berber, and Arabic influences. It is deeply spiritual, often used in healing and trance ceremonies. The primary instrument used is the guembri, a three-stringed lute. Gnawa music has also influenced Western jazz and blues through collaborations with global artists.

4. Taarab (East Africa)

Taarab music is a fusion of African, Indian, and Arabic sounds, popular in Tanzania and Kenya. It is often performed with an orchestra of violins, flutes, and percussions, along with expressive Swahili lyrics. This genre therefore reflects the coastal region’s multicultural influences and remains an essential part of weddings and celebrations.

5. Highlife (West Africa)

Highlife music originated in Ghana and Nigeria, incorporating Western instruments like the guitar and brass alongside traditional African rhythms. It played a crucial role in independence movements during the mid-20th century, providing a soundtrack for political change and cultural pride.

Modern African Music Genres

While traditional African music remains influential, modern genres have gained popularity worldwide. These contemporary styles combine African rhythms with global musical elements, resulting in unique sounds that dominate the international music industry.

1. Afrobeats (West Africa)

Not to be confused with the Afrobeat pioneered by Fela Kuti, Afrobeats is a genre blending highlife, hip-hop, and electronic dance music (EDM). For instance, artists like Burna Boy, Wizkid, and Davido have brought Afrobeats to the global stage. The genre has a strong emphasis on danceable beats and catchy melodies.

2. Afrobeat (Nigeria & Ghana)

Afrobeat, created by Fela Kuti, is a mix of traditional African rhythms, jazz, funk, and highlife. Additionally, It is known for its socially conscious lyrics and complex instrumentation. Fela Kuti used his music as a form of political activism, challenging government corruption and also social injustices in Nigeria.

3. Amapiano (South Africa)

Amapiano is a South African genre that fuses deep house, jazz, and Kwaito with log drum beats. Although it is pioneered by artists like Kabza De Small and DJ Maphorisa, Amapiano has become one of Africa’s biggest music exports. Its infectious beats have gained popularity across Europe and the United States.

4. Gqom (South Africa)

Gqom is an intense, hard-hitting electronic dance music genre originating from Durban, South Africa. With its minimalistic beats and hypnotic rhythm, it gained international popularity, especially in clubs. DJs like DJ Lag and Distruction Boyz have played a significant role in spreading Gqom worldwide.

5. Bongo Flava (Tanzania)

Bongo Flava is Tanzania’s version of hip-hop, incorporating Swahili lyrics, R&B, and reggae influences. Artists like Diamond Platnumz and Alikiba have propelled this genre to international fame. The genre’s ability to blend Western and African musical styles has also made it a favorite among younger audiences.

6. Kizomba (Angola)

Kizomba is a slow, rhythmic music style from Angola that evolved from Semba. It is popular for its romantic melodies and is often paired with sensual dance movements. Furthermore, the genre has also spread to Portugal, France, and Brazil, where it has been embraced in dance communities.

7. Makossa (Cameroon)

Makossa is a Cameroonian music genre that fuses traditional Douala rhythms with jazz, funk, and soul. The genre became widely popular in the 1980s through artists like Manu Dibango, whose song “Soul Makossa” influenced numerous Western musicians, including Michael Jackson.

The Influence of African Music on Other Global Genres

African music has played a pivotal role in shaping many modern music styles worldwide. However, some of the most outstanding influences include:

Jazz – Rooted in African rhythms brought to the Americas via the transatlantic slave trade.

Blues – Developed from African spirituals and work songs in the United States.

Reggae – Strongly influenced by African drumming traditions and Rastafarian culture.

Hip-Hop – Incorporates African drum patterns and storytelling traditions.

Salsa – A fusion of African, Spanish, and Caribbean elements that has become a global phenomenon.

African musicians continue to collaborate with international artists, further cementing the continent’s impact on global music. Notable collaborations include Beyoncé’s “The Lion King: The Gift” album, which featured African artists like Burna Boy, Wizkid, and Shatta Wale.

Conclusion: A Continent of Musical Diversity

So, what is African music called? The answer is not straightforward. African music is a tapestry of countless genres, each with its own identity and significance. Whether it’s the soulful melodies of Afrobeats, the energetic beats of Amapiano, or the historical depth of Griot music, African music continues to inspire and influence the world.

As technology and globalization push African music onto the global stage, its influence is set to grow even further, solidifying its place as one of the most diverse and dynamic musical traditions in the world. With streaming platforms, social media, and international collaborations, African artists are reaching new audiences, ensuring that the sounds of Africa remain a vital force in the global music landscape.

Africa’s rich musical heritage is a testament to its cultural depth, resilience, and creativity. From ancient rhythms to modern beats, the continent’s music continues to shape and define global trends, proving that African music is not just one sound—it is an ever-evolving legacy.

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